1. Jenis-jenis Narrative Text Narrative Text mempunyai inti cerita yang biasanya hanya berupa imajinasi penulis atau kejadian nyata yang ditangkap oleh penulis atau bahkan bisa gabungan keduanya. Dalam berbagai sumber Narrative Text dapat ditemui dalam bentuk :
a. fables (Cerita tentang binatang yang digambarkan berprilaku seperti manusia)
b. fairy stories (Cerita yang bersifat fantastik, penuh dengan keajaiban)
c. mysteries
d. science fiction
e. romances
f. horror stories
g. legends
h. historical narratives
i. personal experience (pengalaman pribadi yang ditulis)
j. ballads (balada, kisah yang bisa mengharukan pembaca, biasanya berupa cerita cinta yang tak sampai)
2. Generic Structure Narrative TextPada Narrative Text, susunannya adalah sebagai berikut :
a. OrientationYaitu pengenalan yang berupa : cerita tentang apa (what is the story about), siapa pelaku dalam cerita itu (who is the participant), dimana cerita itu terjadi (where is the place setting) dan kapan cerita itu terjadi (when is the time setting).
b. Complication atau ProblemYaitu pada paragraf ini yang menjadi inti dari narrative text. Tanpa ada permasalahan, text ini hanyalah berupa paparan peristiwa satu yang diikuti dengan peristiwa yang lain. Masalah yang timbul dapat dibedakan menjadi :
- Natural ConflictYaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena pelaku cerita berhadapan dengan kekuatan alam.
- Social ConflictYaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena para pelaku itu saling berhadapan. Mereka bertemu pada waktu yang sama dengan berbeda kepentingan.
- Psychological ConflictYaitu Permasalahan yang timbul ketika pelaku cerita itu berhadapan dengan dirinya sendiri. Pertentangan antara nilai baik dan buruk, antara sifat rakus dan tenggang rasa.
c. Resolution Yaitu masalah dapat diatasi. Dalam Narrative text, setiap permasalahan yang muncul harus ada penyelesaiannya, bisa ditutup dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happy ending) atau tidak sedikit berakhir tragis, menyedihkan (sad ending).
d. Re-Orientation Hanya untuk Optional .
3. Ciri Kebahasaan Narrative Texta. Menggunakan pola kalimat Simple Past Tense b. Biasanya dimulai dengan kata keterangan waktu (Adverbs of Time) .
Seperti : long time ago..., once, one, once upon a time.
Fable: Sebuah cerita yang masuk kategori teks narrative dimana cerita itu menggambarkan binatang berprilaku layaknya manusia
Legend: Cerita rakyat yang menggambarkan bagaimana asal usul suatu tempat itu terjadi
Myth: Cerita mitos ini banyak beredar dalam masyarakat dan umumnya diaggap sebagi cerita factual
Fairy tales: Cerita rakyat yang biasanya disebut sebagai dongeng atau cerita anak-anak yang berisi banyak keajaiaban pada tokoh-tokoh ceritanya dan sering mangandung pesan moral
Folk tale: Sebuah cerita yang dituturkan turun temurun sehingga menjadi bagian dari tradisi suatu masyarakat
Love story: kalau cerita cinta ini lebih pada tema ceritanya yang berisi perjuangan untuk mendapatkan cinta bagi tokoh cerita
Diatas adalah definisi singkat dari masing masing jenis narrative text yaitu fable, legend, myth, fairy tales, folk tale, dan love story. Sekarang kita liaht masing masing contohnya.
Contoh Narrative Text Fable
Mouse deer And Crocodile
Narrative fable – Mouse deer and Crocodiles: www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com
Once upon time there were a smart mouse deer. He lived near a river. The mouse deer used to go to the river to drink.
One day, the mouse deer was thirsty. He wanted to drink in the river but he knew that crocodiles were staying and waiting underwater to eat him. Hi thought hard and got bright idea. He said out loudly. “I will put in my leg and find out whether the water is warm or not” Of course the mouse deer did not do what he said. He did not put his leg but the mouse deer took a wood stick and put one end into the water. Blurrr…! Surely a crocodile grabbed the wood stick and pulled it underwater. Seeing that, the mouse deer laughed and said “Stupid crocodile! Can’t you see the difference between a wood stick and a leg?” Then the mouse deer ran to another side of the river and drink some water.
On the following day, the mouse deer was hungry. He wanted to eat some grass on the side of the river so he had to to cross the dangerous river which was full of crocodiles. Again he thought hard and found another smart idea and said loudly “Crocodiles come up!” then some crocodiles rose from the water. They looked happy and saw their sharp teeth and said “Hello, Mouse Deer. Do you come to be my lunch? We are hungry” The mouse deer just smiled and replied. “Sorry, Crocodiles, not today, I come to you to bring an invitation from the king. You are invited to the party. The king ordered me to count all crocodiles in this river so he knew how to prepare enough meal for you.”
All the crocodiles felt happy and said “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said a crocodile. “You have to line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said the mouse deer. Not long after that the crocodile got all his friends and family. He ordered to lined up across the river. the mouse deer then jumped on the Crocodile’s back. “One,” the mouse deer counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And he jumped again on the next crocodile, “Three.” he kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “Just enough,” said the mouse deer. “I have counted all of you” He laughed and ran to the field of grass.
Contoh Narrative Text Legend
Sura and Baya
Narrative text legend – Sura and Baya
A long time ago, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.
Once Sura and Baya were looking for some food. Suddenly, Baya saw a goat.
“Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya.
“No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy” said Sura. Then they fought for the goat. After several hours, they were very tired.
Feeling tired of fighting, they lived in the different places. Sura lived in the water and Baya lived in the land. The border was the beach, so they would never fight again.
One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura broke the promise.
They fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya’s tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally gave up and Awent back to the sea. Baya was happy.
Contoh Narrative Text Myth
Dewi Sri
Dewi Sri: http://kdri.web.id
Once upon a time, Batara Guru commanded all the gods and goddesses to contribute their power in order to build a new palace. Anybody who disobeyed this commandment were considered lazy and would lose their arms and legs.
Hearing the Batara Guru’s commandment, Naga god was very anxious because he didn’t have arms or legs. He might not be able do the job. So he asked advice from Batara Narada who was the younger brother of Batara Guru. Unfortunately Narada was also confused. The Naga god became very upset.
While the Naga god was crying for his bad luck, three teardrops fell on the ground. Not long after that, those teardrops became three beautiful shining eggs which looked like jewels. Then Batara Narada advised him to offer those shining eggs to Batara Guru.
With the three eggs in his mouth, the Naga god went to the Batara Guru’s palace. On the way, an eagle asked him a question. Surely Naga god could not answer the question because he was holding the eggs in his mouth. Seeing that, the bird thought that Naga god was arrogant and the bird attacked him.
Being attacked, one egg fell to earth. Then Naga god was hiding in the bushes but the bird was waiting for him. The bird attacked for the second time and one egg fell again. So Naga god only had one egg in his mouth. He kept moving to Batara Guru’s palace.
Finally Naga god arrived at the palace. He offered the egg to the Batara Guru. And miraculously the egg hatched became a very beautiful baby girl. Naga god gave the baby girl to the Batara Guru. The baby grew up into a beautiful girl and later known for Dewi Sri.
Contoh Narrative Text Fairy Tales
Cinderella
Narrative Fairy Tales – Cinderella Story
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.
The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.
A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.
Contoh Narrative Text Folk Tale
Three Feathers
Story of Three Feathers
Once upon time There was a king who had three sons. The two son were clever. The third son did not speak much so he was called Simpleton. When the king had become old, he did not know which son should become the king.
Then he got a bright idea and said; “Go forth, who brings me the most beautiful carpet will be king after me”. He blew three feathers in the air, and said: “You should go as they fly”. One feather flew to the east, the second to the west, but the third flew straight up and did not fly far.
So one brother went to the right, and the other to the left. Simpleton was sad because his feather did not fly far. Then all at once he saw a trap-door close to the feather. He found some steps, and went down the door. Then he came to another door, knocked at it. The door opened, and he saw a fat toad sitting. She asked what he wanted. He answered; “I should get the prettiest and finest carpet in the world”. Then she called a young toad; “Bring me the great box!”
The young toad brought the box. The fat toad opened it, and gave simpleton a carpet out of it. The carpet was so beautiful. So Simpleton thanked her, and brought it to the kingdom. Meanwhile his brothers just got some coarse handkerchiefs from a shepherds’ wives whom they had met. When the king saw Simpleton’s carpet he was very astonished and said; ” Well, the kingdom belongs to the Simpleton”. But his two brothers argued that it was impossible that simpleton should be king, They asked the king to make a new agreement.
Then the father said; “Who brings me the most beautiful ring will inherit the kingdom”. He blew three feathers, which they were to follow. Those of the two eldest again went east and west, and simpleton’s feather flew straight up, and fell down near the trap-door. Again the fat toad gave him a ring sparkled with jewels. Meanwhile his two brothers just got old carriage-rings. However they did not cease from tormenting the king until he made a third condition.
So the king declared; Who brings the most beautiful woman home will be the king”. He again blew the three feathers into the air. Then Simpleton went down to the fat toad, and said; “I am to take home the most beautiful woman”. The she gave him a yellow turnip which had been hollowed out. Mournfully Simpleton said; “What am I to do with it?”. The toad answered; “Just put one of my little toads into it!”. Then Simpleton seized one little toad and put her into the yellow coach. Surprisingly the little toad turned into a beautiful maiden. So Simpleton took her to the king. On the other hand, his brother brought peasant women to the kingdom.
When the king saw the women he said; “After my death the kingdom belongs to my youngest son”. But the two eldest brothers kept arguing that whose wife could leap through a ring which hung in the center of the hall would be the king. The king agreed. Then the two peasant women jumped through the ring but they fell which made their arms and legs broke. On the other hand, the pretty maiden sprang through the ring as lightly as a deer which made the two peasants ceased. So Simpleton received the crown and ruled wisely the kingdom.
Contoh Narrative Text Love Story
Let Me Love You
“Love” Paper cranes folding: en.wikipedia.org
Once upon a time, there was once a guy who was very much in love with this girl. This romantic guy folded 1,000 pieces of paper cranes as a gift to his girl. Although, at that time he was just a small executive in his company, his future doesn’t seem too bright, they were very happy together. Until one day, his girl told him she was going to Paris and will never come back.She also told him that she cannot visualize any future for the both of them, so let’s go their own ways there and then… heartbroken, the guy agreed.
When he regained his confidence, he worked hard day and night, just to make something out of himself. Finally with all these hard work and with the help of friends, this guy had set up his own company…
“You never fail until you stop trying.” he always told himself. “I must make it in life!” One rainy day, while this guy was driving, he saw an elderly couple sharing an umbrella in the rain walking to some destination. Even with the umbrella, they were still drenched. It didn’t take him long to realize those were his ex-girlfriend’s parents. With a heart in getting back at them, he drove slowly beside the couple, wanting them to spot him in his luxury saloon. He wanted them to know that he wasn’t the same anymore, he had his own company, car, condo, etc. He had made it in life!
Before the guy can realize, the couple was walking towards a cemetery, and he got out of his car and followed them…and he saw his ex girlfriend, a photograph of her smiling sweetly as ever at him from her tombstone… and he saw his precious paper cranes in a bottle placed beside her tomb. Her parents saw him.He walked over and asked them why this had happened. They explained that she did not leave for France at all. She was stricken ill with cancer. In her heart, she had believed that he will make it someday, but she did not want her illness to be his obstacle … therefore she had chosen to leave him.
She had wanted her parents to put his paper cranes beside her, because, if the day comes when fate brings him to her again, he can take some of those back with him. The guy just wept.
